Craftsman Furniture Style

The Craftsman furniture style emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was part of the larger Arts and Crafts movement, which emphasized traditional craftsmanship, simple forms, and natural materials.

Origins and Influences

Originating in England, the Arts and Crafts movement was a reaction against the industrial revolution. It spread to America, where it became known as the Craftsman style, largely due to the influence of designer Gustav Stickley.

Gustav Stickley’s Impact

Stickley was a major proponent of the Craftsman style. He published The Craftsman magazine, which spread the design philosophy. His furniture designs emphasized functionality and quality craftsmanship.

Key Characteristics

Materials

Craftsman furniture is typically made from solid wood. Oak is the most common, particularly quartersawn white oak. This wood is valued for its durability and beautiful grain.

Construction Techniques

Mortise and tenon joinery is a hallmark of Craftsman furniture. This technique involves fitting a projecting tenon into a corresponding mortise. It creates strong joints without the need for nails or screws.

Design Elements

Pieces often have a simple, rectilinear form. Decorative elements are minimal, allowing the beauty of the materials to shine. Exposed joinery and visible pegs are common. Inlays and carved details may appear, but they are always understated.

Popular Pieces

Several types of furniture are closely associated with the Craftsman style:

• Chairs: Sturdy, with broad armrests and slatted backs. The Morris chair is a notable example. It features adjustable reclining angles.
• Tables: Rectangular dining tables are common. They often have trestle bases or sturdy legs.
• Desks: Functional and unfussy, typically featuring spacious drawers and strong construction.
• Cabinets: Simple yet elegant, often with glass-fronted doors and adjustable shelves.

Decorative Elements

While simplicity is key, some decorative elements define Craftsman furniture:

• Hardware: Distinctive metal hardware, often hand-hammered.
• Glass: Leaded or stained glass is occasionally used in cabinet doors.
• Tiles: Ceramic tiles, often hand-painted, may be incorporated into tables and other furniture.

Wood Finishes

Finishes are designed to enhance the wood’s natural beauty. They range from light to dark. Oak pieces often have a fumed finish, which darkens the wood. This process involves exposing the wood to ammonia fumes.

Craftsman Furniture in Modern Homes

Modern incarnations of Craftsman furniture often blend traditional techniques with contemporary design. Many appreciate its timeless quality and robust construction.

Maintaining Craftsman Furniture

Proper care can extend the life of Craftsman furniture. Use coasters and placemats to protect surfaces. Clean regularly with a gentle, non-abrasive cloth. Periodic waxing can help preserve the finish.

Buying and Collecting

Purchasing authentic Craftsman furniture can be an investment. Original pieces by Stickley and other early 20th-century makers can be valuable. Many artisans continue to produce high-quality reproductions.

When buying, look for the key characteristics: solid wood, expert joinery, and a simple but elegant design.